Find out whether your HSA will last. Enter your balance at 65, your annual medical withdrawals, and an expected return to see how many years the account can cover your healthcare costs.
Sample input: HSA balance at 65 ($): 200000, Annual medical withdrawal ($): 12000, Expected annual return (%): 5
Years the HSA lasts: 37 (Lasts a long retirement)
A $200,000 HSA growing 5% a year would cover $12,000 of annual medical withdrawals for about 37 years. Medical withdrawals are tax-free at any age; after 65 you can also withdraw for non-medical needs, taxed like a Traditional IRA with no penalty.
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Withdrawals for qualified medical expenses are tax-free at any age, including in retirement (IRS Publication 969). After age 65 you can also withdraw for non-medical needs and pay only ordinary income tax with no penalty, like a Traditional IRA.
It simulates year by year: your balance grows at the expected return, then your annual medical withdrawal is subtracted, repeating until the balance runs out (capped at 50 years). If growth exceeds your withdrawals, the account is self-sustaining.
Qualified expenses include Medicare premiums (Parts B, D, and Advantage, though not Medigap), deductibles, copays, dental, vision, hearing aids, and long-term-care costs and premiums within limits. Check IRS Publication 969 for the full qualified-expense list.
Keep the balance invested rather than in cash, contribute the maximum (including the 55-plus catch-up) before retiring, and reserve withdrawals for qualified medical costs to keep them tax-free. Paying small bills out of pocket lets the HSA keep compounding.